{"id":1659,"date":"2021-10-05T20:09:10","date_gmt":"2021-10-05T19:09:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/?p=1659"},"modified":"2021-10-05T20:09:13","modified_gmt":"2021-10-05T19:09:13","slug":"caerlaverock-harbour-fieldwork","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/2021\/10\/05\/caerlaverock-harbour-fieldwork\/","title":{"rendered":"Caerlaverock: Harbour Fieldwork"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><em>Thanks to funding from the Castle Studies Trust, Historic Environment Scotland are working with researchers Dr Richard Tipping and Dr Eileen Tisdall to understand\u00a0the chronology and geography of extreme weather events in the high\u00a0medieval period, and the effects they wrought on archaeological features that led to the abandonment of the old castle built in c.1229 in favour of the new built 200m away in c.1277.<\/em> <em>Here Richard Tipping gives an update on the fieldwork which too place last Saturday (2 October).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/eepurl.com\/bDEO0H\" target=\"_blank\">Subscribe to our quarterly newsletter<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the great puzzles of old Caerlaverock is the so-called harbour (Image 1). It is south of the old castle, two metres lower, and just north of where we think the early medieval coastline was, so it\u2019s difficult to think what else it could have been. But it\u2019s never been independently dated, there are rumours that it was Roman, and there are knotty interpretative problems. One is that the floor of the harbour is at an altitude that would make it tricky to get more than rowing boats in and out in the Middle Ages; this is also a problem if the harbour was older. A second is that there is a fourth side at the southern end, which greatly restricts access. As Richard Tipping explains below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"News from Caerlaverock - in the dried up harbour\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/fpaAGXMEGsI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The harbour has three metres of sand above bedrock. We don\u2019t know how old the sand is. One idea is that it\u2019s all very old \u2013 8000-6000 years old. This would mean that the harbour was never deeper than it is now. Another idea is that the sand is of two periods, with an older bed covered by medieval sand: the same stuff that filled the moat of the Old Castle. And a third is that all three metres of sand are medieval in age. This would imply that the builders created a five metre deep harbour, which was then filled with sand as storm surges drove sediment onshore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Lidar-picture-of-the-Caerlaverock.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"702\" height=\"684\" src=\"https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Lidar-picture-of-the-Caerlaverock.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1660\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Lidar-picture-of-the-Caerlaverock.png 702w, https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Lidar-picture-of-the-Caerlaverock-300x292.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 702px) 100vw, 702px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>Dating of the sand is the answer. To this end, a team of eight (Richard Tipping and Eileen Tisdall from Stirling; Tim Kinnaird, Aayush Srivastava, Richard Bates and Laura Bates from St Andrews, and Morvern French and Steve Farrar from Historic Environment Scotland) assembled under gloomy skies and a more intimidating forecast to sample the sediment. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here Richard Bates explains what they are going to do:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"News from Caerlaverock - Preparing to take a core\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/S_zqctvFNQ0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Richard Bates had a vibro-corer, a machine that went through three metres of sand as if it was butter: astonishingly impressive:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"News from Caerlaverock - Taking a core\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ukeTEjFEueA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"News from Caerlaverock - Removing a sample\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/CDDtTyMQbgE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The three cores came out and were immediately wrapped in black plastic bags because sunlight, even that under grey clouds, cannot be allowed to shine on the samples. The reason for this bizarre behaviour is in how the sediment will be dated<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Image-2-Wrapping-a-sample-scaled.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Image-2-Wrapping-a-sample-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1661\" srcset=\"https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Image-2-Wrapping-a-sample-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Image-2-Wrapping-a-sample-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Image-2-Wrapping-a-sample-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Image-2-Wrapping-a-sample-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Image-2-Wrapping-a-sample-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption>Wrapping the sample<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Tim and Aayush are specialists in optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and infra-red stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating. This is a kind-of accumulation clock. Over time, quartz and feldspar sand grains buried by sediment accumulate energy released from surrounding sediments at a constant rate. This energy is released if sunlight hits the sand, or under controlled laboratory conditions, when light at optical or infra-red wavelengths hits the sand. If the energy released can be measured, which is Tim\u2019s and Aayush\u2019s job, we can establish the age of the sand as Tim explains here:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"News from Caerlaverock - Showing off the core\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nmviONpZS7w?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The Castle Studies Trust grant will fund three OSL dates from the base of the sand, the middle, and towards the top. As soon as we learn the results, you will.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And the rain stayed away.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/eepurl.com\/bDEO0H\" target=\"_blank\">Subscribe to our quarterly newsletter<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>All images and videos courtesy and copyright of either HES and\/or Morvern French of HES<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thanks to funding from the Castle Studies Trust, Historic Environment Scotland are working with researchers Dr Richard Tipping and Dr Eileen Tisdall to understand\u00a0the chronology and geography of extreme weather events in the high\u00a0medieval period, and the effects they wrought on archaeological features that led to the abandonment of the old castle built in c.1229 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/2021\/10\/05\/caerlaverock-harbour-fieldwork\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Caerlaverock: Harbour Fieldwork<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1541,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1659"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1659"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1659\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1664,"href":"https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1659\/revisions\/1664"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1541"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1659"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1659"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/castlestudiestrust.org\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1659"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}